Khalil Gibran Muhammad (born April 27, 1972) is an American academic. He is the inaugural Professor of African American Studies and Public Affairs at the African American studies department and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton, where he directs the Institutional Antiracism and Accountability Project.

Prior to 2025, he was the Ford Foundation Professor of History, Race, and Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School and the Radcliffe Institute. He is the former director of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, a Harlem-based branch of the New York Public Library system, a research facility dedicated to the history of the African diaspora.[3][4] Prior to joining the Schomburg Center in 2010, Muhammad was an associate professor of history at Indiana University Bloomington.