Oscar Niemeyer was a renowned Brazilian architect, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in modern architecture. He was best known for his use of abstract forms and curves, innovative use of reinforced concrete, and a departure from the rigid geometries of earlier modernist architects. He was a pioneer in exploring the aesthetic possibilities of modern materials and construction techniques.

Niemeyer played a central role in the design of Brasília the city specially designed, planned, and built to be the capital of Brazil, which was inaugurated in 1960. Niemeyer designed many of the city's iconic buildings, including the National Congress, the Cathedral of Brasília, and the Palácio da Alvorada.